If you’re interested in carrying a handgun for self-defense, you need to consider the caliber. The importance of correct shot placement cannot be overstated, but the terminal performance of the ammunition is critical to reliable incapacitation. The most common handgun cartridges for law enforcement and private self-defense are the .40 S&W and .45 ACP.
40 S&W vs .45 ACP - Difference and Comparison
40 vs 45: Ballistics, Recoil, and Stopping Power
40 vs .45 Caliber: Evaluating Ballistic Performance and Recoil
9mm vs .45 ACP [Debate Finally Settled] - Pew Pew Tactical
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10mm vs .45 ACP - Cartridge Comparison - Sniper Country
An Alternate Look at Handgun Stopping Power
Carry Calibers: .40 S&W Vs. .45 ACP Vs. 9mm - Gun Digest
The 9mm vs. 40S&W: Which is Better? - Firearms News
Self-Defense: Is Stopping Power a Myth? - Spencer Durrant Outdoors